{"id":1510,"date":"2026-02-25T17:57:29","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T17:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.ru\/canaries\/?p=1510"},"modified":"2026-02-25T17:57:30","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T17:57:30","slug":"shopping-in-the-canary-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/shopping-in-the-canary-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"Shopping in the Canary Islands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n<p>Let me tell you about shopping in the Canary Islands, on Tenerife, Gran Canaria, and beyond. You&#8217;ll learn about the peculiarities of local stores, shopping malls, markets, and their operating hours. And most importantly, I&#8217;ll explain which taxes are included in the prices of all goods on the islands, and how a regular tourist can claim Tax Free for their purchases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/shopping-in-the-canary-islands\/#Shopping_in_the_Canary_Islands_Key_Points\" >Shopping in the Canary Islands: Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/shopping-in-the-canary-islands\/#About_Markets_and_Stores_in_the_Canaries_Specifics\" >About Markets and Stores in the Canaries: Specifics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/shopping-in-the-canary-islands\/#Taxes_on_Goods_in_the_Canaries\" >Taxes on Goods in the Canaries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/shopping-in-the-canary-islands\/#Tax_Free_Refund_on_Tenerife_and_the_Canary_Islands\" >Tax Free Refund on Tenerife and the Canary Islands<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shopping_in_the_Canary_Islands_Key_Points\"><\/span>Shopping in the Canary Islands: Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the main things a tourist needs to know:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Canary Islands are part of Spain and the European Union. There are huge shopping malls here, with all the global brands you can imagine. It&#8217;s a shopper&#8217;s paradise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, take a look at the map to see where the Canary Islands are located. They are situated 1000 km from the nearest point of mainland Europe, which brings its own unique aspects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Interesting to know:<\/p>\n<cite>The Canary Islands have OMR status, which in simple terms means &#8220;<strong>Outermost&nbsp;<\/strong>Regions&#8221; Due to this, the Canary Islands are a special economic zone. To reduce the cost of all goods due to expensive logistics over the 1000 km distance, the Canary Islands are exempt from VAT, a whole range of excise duties, and EU customs rules do not apply on the islands.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/themes\/maktub\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/04\/shopping-1-1024x641.jpg\" alt=\"Shopping in the Canary Islands\" class=\"wp-image-1542\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The photo was taken in 2026 on Gran Canaria, where gasoline in mainland Spain costs around 1.8 euros per liter, while in the Canaries, it costs 1.229 euros.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Prices in the Canary Islands for gasoline, clothing, and basic food items, in other words, goods in the main consumer basket, are among the lowest in all of Europe. This doesn&#8217;t apply to the tourism sector, especially rental accommodation, where prices have increased significantly in recent years. But more details on that in the article: <a href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/prices-in-canary-islands\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"320\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">prices in the Canaries for all categories of goods and services<\/a> that interest tourists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Markets_and_Stores_in_the_Canaries_Specifics\"><\/span>About Markets and Stores in the Canaries: Specifics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the main retail chains on the islands where you&#8217;ll be shopping for groceries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mercadona &#8211; Spanish retail chain of stores, my favorite stores<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DINO (depending on the size of the store &#8211; Superdino or Hiperdino) &#8211; a chain of similar size and popularity as Mercadona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European mainland retail chains:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carrefour, a French chain, with only a few stores in major shopping malls in the capitals of Tenerife and Gran Canaria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many stores of the German chain ALDI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the Dutch chain SPAR, but they are also European chains, and I only go there when there are no proper stores nearby \ud83d\ude42 But on some islands, for example, there are no Mercadona or Dino at all, only Spar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/themes\/maktub\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/04\/shopping-2-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"stores in canaries\" class=\"wp-image-1543\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shopping in the Canary Islands &#8211; one of the main retail chains on the islands and my favorite.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Key points to know about markets and stores in the Canaries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In general, the Canary Islands are for early birds. All shops here open early and close early. Most shops are already open by 7-8 am, and definitely everything is open by 9 am.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep in mind that each island in the archipelago has its own administration and management. And the same stores of one retail chain on different islands operate completely differently.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Often Sunday is a day off or has shortened working hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Important to know:<\/p>\n<cite>But even though the Canaries are Spain, and in Spain, there is widespread siesta in the retail sector, when many stores may close for 2-3 hours during the day. Siesta is not as popular and widespread in the Canaries.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/themes\/maktub\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/04\/shopping-3.jpg\" alt=\"open hours mercadona canaries\" class=\"wp-image-1544\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of the operating hours of a large Spar store: Monday &#8211; Saturday 8:30 am &#8211; 8:30 pm. Interestingly, this is the only store in the area, and by 9 pm, you won&#8217;t be able to buy anything, and Sunday is a day off. This is a common practice.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Stores mostly operate early in the morning, but by 8 pm, most of them are closed. Always check the current schedule of your chosen store for groceries, especially on weekends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/time-in-canaries\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2242\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">About time in the Canaries<\/a>, time zone, clock changes, and the punctuality of locals is detailed in the article via the link.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taxes_on_Goods_in_the_Canaries\"><\/span>Taxes on Goods in the Canaries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>And now the most interesting part &#8211; about taxes. You&#8217;ll understand why everything is so inexpensive here. Here are the main points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There is no VAT in the Canary Islands, which in mainland Spain is 21%. And there, this 21% is added to the price of absolutely any item. Yes, there are nuances, and not all goods have a VAT rate of 21%, but we are talking about the overall picture here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Instead of VAT, the Canary Islands have IGIC &#8211; the General Indirect Tax of the Canary Islands. And it&#8217;s only 7%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is also a corporate tax that businesses pay, which in Spain is 30%, while in the Canary Islands, it&#8217;s 4%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s precisely because of these taxes that goods in the main consumer basket are among the cheapest in Europe on the islands. Although the delivery of all goods to the Canaries is not cheap due to their remoteness from the EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tax_Free_Refund_on_Tenerife_and_the_Canary_Islands\"><\/span>Tax Free Refund on Tenerife and the Canary Islands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, here&#8217;s where it gets interesting, and judging by the number of questions from tourists, many don&#8217;t understand the significance of Tax Free refunds and the process itself. Let me break it down for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/themes\/maktub\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/04\/shopping-4.jpg\" alt=\"tax free refund tenerife\" class=\"wp-image-1539\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is how a Tax Free refund office at the airport typically looks like<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>What is Tax Free:<\/p>\n<cite>It&#8217;s a European system for refunding VAT (Value Added Tax) in cases where a non-resident of any EU country purchases goods and takes them outside the customs zone of the European Union. Then they have the option to reclaim the VAT for the purchased goods. Here&#8217;s an example: I&#8217;m a citizen of Norway, I bought an iPhone for 1000 euros in Germany, brought it home to Oslo, and got back the VAT, which in Germany is 20% (for example), which amounts to a whopping 200 euros. We&#8217;ll skip the intricacies of the refund process for now, but that&#8217;s the basic logic.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the peculiarities of Tax Free refunds in the Canary Islands, and what does the procedure look like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The tax in the islands is IGIC &#8211; General Indirect Tax of the Canary Archipelago, which is 7%. For small purchases, there&#8217;s absolutely no point in getting it refunded, as you&#8217;ll spend more time than it&#8217;s worth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only non-EU residents can claim Tax Free refunds: for example, Norwegians, Swiss citizens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You must depart from the Canary Islands on a flight outside the EU. For example, if you&#8217;re flying from the Canaries to Barcelona, Milan, and then &#8220;overland&#8221; home, you won&#8217;t get a Tax Free refund. <a href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/how-to-get-to-the-canary-islands\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1178\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here&#8217;s how to get to the Canaries today, optimal routes<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When purchasing an item at a store, you need to ask for a Tax Free refund form. It&#8217;s important: not all stores provide it, sometimes there&#8217;s a minimum purchase amount, for example, 1000 euros. If the store offers Tax Free refunds, there&#8217;s usually a blue sticker with the coveted words at the entrance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You need to stamp this form at the VAT REFUND or TAX FREE REFUND office at the departure airport. An employee will make a copy, check your bank details, and then pass all the information to the Canary Islands Ministry of Finance, who then inform the store. The store refunds the VAT to your card within 15-30 days instead of paying it to the budget. And the money goes back to your card.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/themes\/maktub\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/04\/shopping-5.jpg\" alt=\"tax free refund canaries\" class=\"wp-image-1540\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">If the store offers VAT refunds, there will be such a sticker at the entrance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Good to know:<\/p>\n<cite>They may also not refund the full amount and deduct a commission, so you&#8217;ll receive not 7% of the sum, but around 5%. Therefore, I&#8217;ll repeat, it&#8217;s only beneficial for large purchases.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>I also recommend checking in advance if there&#8217;s a VAT REFUND office (there are 8 of them in the Canaries) at the airport you&#8217;re departing from. Because it&#8217;s not available everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All about <a href=\"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/airports-in-the-canary-islands\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"889\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the airports of the Canary Islands<\/a> and the intricacies in the article via this link.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As an example: here&#8217;s a link to the Spanish Ministry of Transport, specifically <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aena.es\/en\/tenerife-norte-ciudad-de-la-laguna\/airport-services\/categories\/vat-refunds.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.aena.es\/en\/tenerife-norte-ciudad-de-la-laguna\/airport-services\/categories\/vat-refunds.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">where the Vat Refund office is located at Tenerife North Airport (TFN)<\/a>. Using this example, you can find the rest of the airports in the archipelago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion: shopping in the Canary Islands is a thing, and you can count on it. Yes, it&#8217;s not a fashion capital like Milan, but here in the capitals of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, there are stores with all the global brands. I can&#8217;t say that iPhones or luxury items are cheaper here than in Europe, but the prices are definitely at the lower end for Europe. Whether to claim Tax Free refunds or not is a personal choice. But most tourists flying to Europe don&#8217;t qualify for the VAT refund program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Happy shopping to you!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\"><strong>Useful links to help you plan your dream trip to Canary Islands<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"background-color:#f9f9fe\" class=\"has-background wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Car Rental<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/localrent.tp.st\/26O58LtP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LocalRent<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/discovercars.tp.st\/GOi5XV2Z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiscoverCars<\/a> &#8211; the most popular car rental platforms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accommodation<\/strong>: \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/trip.tp.st\/21o3VYlg\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/trip.tp.st\/21o3VYlg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Trip.com<\/a> &#8211; the largest accommodation booking platform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or <a href=\"https:\/\/tripadvisor.tp.st\/L8IUnm4v\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TripAdvisor <\/a>&#8211; to compare prices among other platforms and choose the best one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Budget-friendly <strong>vacation packages<\/strong> to Spain and Canary Islands: <a href=\"https:\/\/cheapoair.tp.st\/l1jx2WlA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CheapOair<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tours and activities<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/getyourguide.tp.st\/Dk5xur77\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GetYourGuide<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/viator.tp.st\/sjSxVcN1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Viator<\/a> &#8211; hundreds of offers, whales and dolphins, entrance tickets with discounts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>eSIM<\/strong> and internet: <a href=\"https:\/\/airalo.tp.st\/H5QxZVji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Airalo<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flights<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/wayaway.tp.st\/kOZFCe9p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WayAway <\/a>compares prices among dozens of companies. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Travel Insurance<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/ektatraveling.tp.st\/co8h3cd8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EKTA<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let me tell you about shopping in the Canary Islands, on Tenerife, Gran Canaria, and beyond. You&#8217;ll learn about the peculiarities of local stores, shopping&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-useful"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1510"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4907,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510\/revisions\/4907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travel-4-fun.com\/canaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}